Maxillofacial oncology
Jaw Bone Tumours — Diagnosis and Treatment
Assessment and surgical treatment of lesions in the upper and lower jaw, including jaw reconstruction when needed.
Overview
Also known as: jaw tumour, tumour of the lower jaw, lesion in the jaw, jaw swelling
Various tumours and tumour-like lesions can develop in the upper and lower jaw, and they may be benign or malignant. Some are related to the teeth and the tissues from which teeth develop. They are often found by chance on an X-ray taken for another reason.
The type of lesion can only be established through investigation — imaging (for example a panoramic X-ray or CT) and histological examination of the tissue. The results determine which treatment is appropriate.
When removing the tumour involves a significant part of the bone, jaw reconstruction is considered to restore its shape, the bite and chewing function. For malignant disease, treatment is planned by a multidisciplinary team.
When to seek a consultation
- A lesion in the jaw found on an X-ray.
- Swelling of the jaw or a change in the contour of the face.
- Loosening or shifting of teeth without a clear cause.
- Numbness of the lower lip, chin or cheek.
- Jaw pain, or a socket that does not heal after a tooth extraction.
What treatment may involve
- An examination and imaging to clarify the size and borders of the lesion.
- A biopsy where needed, to establish the type of lesion before surgery is planned.
- Surgical removal of the lesion; the extent depends on its type and size.
- Jaw reconstruction when removal involves a significant part of the bone.
- Histological examination and, for malignant disease, review by a multidisciplinary team.
What to bring to the consultation
- An identity document and, where applicable, a referral from your GP or specialist.
- Existing medical records: discharge summaries, outpatient notes and test results.
- Imaging studies (X-rays, CT, MRI) on a disc or other digital medium, together with the written reports.
- A list of your current medicines, known allergies and chronic conditions.
- Histology reports and oncology board opinions, if available.
Recovery and follow-up
Recovery depends on the extent of the operation and whether reconstruction was performed. In the first days there may be swelling, discomfort and restrictions on eating; advice is given individually.
Follow-up includes check-ups and imaging. After more extensive operations, restoring the teeth and bite may take place in stages.
Risks and alternatives
Specific risks include loss of teeth in the affected area, numbness of the lip or chin when a nerve is nearby, infection, weakening of the bone and, for some types of lesion, recurrence. Reconstruction also carries risks related to the site from which tissue is taken.
Alternatives — including observation for certain findings — are discussed after investigations. The decision is made individually, taking into account the type of lesion, general health and the patient’s preferences.
Every surgical procedure carries general risks — for example those related to anaesthesia, bleeding, infection, delayed healing or scarring. The specific risks depend on your health, and on the type and extent of the procedure.
Possible alternatives — including observation, non-surgical treatment or referral to another specialist — are discussed openly during the consultation.
Outcomes and recovery time vary between individuals and cannot be guaranteed in advance.
Frequently asked questions
My dentist found a lesion in my jaw on an X-ray. What happens next?
The next step is an assessment by a maxillofacial surgeon and, where needed, further investigations. Only investigation can show what the lesion is.
Will I lose teeth during the operation?
It depends on the size and position of the lesion and its relation to the teeth. The options are discussed when treatment is planned.
Can the jaw be reconstructed after tumour removal?
When removal involves a significant part of the bone, reconstruction is considered. The approach and stages are decided individually.
This information does not replace a medical examination. Whether treatment is suitable for you is assessed individually after a consultation.