Inflammatory and other conditions
Jaw Cysts — Surgical Removal
Assessment and surgical removal of cysts in the upper and lower jaw, with histological examination of the removed tissue.
Overview
Also known as: cyst in the jaw, odontogenic cyst, dental cyst, cyst removal
A cyst is a cavity in the bone filled with fluid or soft material and lined with a thin wall. Jaw cysts are often related to the teeth — for example to the root of a tooth with an infected nerve, or to a tooth that has not come through.
Many cysts grow slowly and cause no symptoms for a long time, so they are often found by chance on an X-ray. As a cyst grows, it may thin the bone, move teeth or become infected.
Treatment is usually surgical. The removed tissue is sent for histological examination, because some lesions that look like a cyst on an X-ray turn out to be of a different type — only investigation can show this.
When to seek a consultation
- A cyst or dark area in the jaw found on an X-ray.
- A painless swelling of the jaw or gum.
- Shifting or loosening of teeth.
- Pain, swelling or discharge of pus when the cyst becomes infected.
What treatment may involve
- An examination and imaging (for example a panoramic X-ray or CT) to clarify the size of the cyst and its relation to the teeth and nerves.
- Surgical removal of the cyst, usually from inside the mouth.
- Treatment or removal of the related tooth when needed.
- For larger cysts, discussion of a staged approach to protect the surrounding structures.
- Histological examination of the removed tissue.
What to bring to the consultation
- An identity document and, where applicable, a referral from your GP or specialist.
- Existing medical records: discharge summaries, outpatient notes and test results.
- Imaging studies (X-rays, CT, MRI) on a disc or other digital medium, together with the written reports.
- A list of your current medicines, known allergies and chronic conditions.
Recovery and follow-up
Recovery depends on the size of the cyst and the extent of surgery. In the first days there may be swelling and discomfort; advice on diet and mouth care is given individually.
The bone in the area heals gradually, so follow-up includes check-ups and X-rays. The histology result is discussed at a follow-up appointment.
Risks and alternatives
Specific risks include damage to neighbouring teeth, numbness of the lip or chin when a nerve is nearby, infection and recurrence of the cyst. Large cysts in the lower jaw also carry a risk of weakening the bone.
Alternatives — including observation of small cysts that cause no symptoms — are discussed individually. An untreated cyst may continue to grow, so the decision is made after careful assessment.
Every surgical procedure carries general risks — for example those related to anaesthesia, bleeding, infection, delayed healing or scarring. The specific risks depend on your health, and on the type and extent of the procedure.
Possible alternatives — including observation, non-surgical treatment or referral to another specialist — are discussed openly during the consultation.
Outcomes and recovery time vary between individuals and cannot be guaranteed in advance.
Frequently asked questions
Is a jaw cyst dangerous?
Most cysts grow slowly, but over time they can damage the bone and teeth. What the lesion actually is is confirmed by histological examination.
Does the tooth have to be removed if there is a cyst?
Not always. It depends on the condition of the tooth, the size of the cyst and how they relate to each other, and is assessed after an examination and imaging.
Is a jaw cyst removed under anaesthesia?
Yes. Depending on its size and position, a cyst may be removed under local or general anaesthesia. The choice is discussed individually.
How much does jaw cyst removal cost?
The cost depends on the size of the cyst, the type of anaesthesia and the investigations needed. It is discussed after a consultation.
This information does not replace a medical examination. Whether treatment is suitable for you is assessed individually after a consultation.